Percepción de la propia imagen corporal en pacientes obesos o con sobrepeso.

Abad Massanet F, Rivero Pérez J, Fandiño Cobos E, Vera Osorio JA, de Vera Porcell M, Montero Sánchez L. Percepción de la propia imagen corporal en pacientes obesos o con sobrepeso.  

Recibido: 29/jun/2012

Aceptado: 19/jul/2012

Resumen: La obesidad es un importante problema de salud en la comunidad, y su abordaje es complejo. La valoración de la propia imagen corporal podría ser de ayuda, en pacientes obesos o con sobrepeso, para orientar hacia la obtención de un peso más saludable. Con este objetivo se utilizó una escala de figuras (escala de Stunkard) en pacientes de estas características, comparando la figura seleccionada por cada participante con la correspondiente a su Índice de Masa Corporal real. La concordancia entre ambas fue escasa, con marcado predominio de sujetos que infravaloran su IMC.  El error en la valoración fue significativamente mayor entre las mujeres, en los participantes con menor nivel de estudios, y entre los que presentaban algún componente del síndrome metabólico.

Palabras clave: obesidad, sobrepeso, imagen corporal, síndrome metabólico, índice de masa corporal, figura humana

Summary: Obesity is a major problem in our society, and its treatment is difficult. Self evaluation of body image could be a valuable tool as a firts step to engage overwheigt and obese patients in a process to a healthier weight. With this aim, a figural scale (Stunkard figure rating scale) was used in individuals with these characteristics, comparing the discrepancy between the figure selected for each participant and the corresponding figure for the measured Body Mass Index. Agreement between perceived and measured figure was poor, with a majority of participants underreporting their body image. Discrepancy was greater in women, in low educational level participants and in those individuals exhibiting components of the metabolic syndrome.

Key words: Obesity; Overwheight; Body image; Metabolic syndrome; Body mass index; Human figure

Referencias:

1.             Nicolai , J.P., Lupiani J.H., y Wolf J.W.(2012)”An integative approach to obesity” en Rakel D. Integrative Medicine, 3rd edition. Saunders. Ontario, pp. 364-367

2.           Costain L.,y  Broker H. (2005) Helping individuals to help themselves. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 64, 89-96

3.            Slade P.D.(1994) What is body image?. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 497-502

4.          Bulik C.M., Wade T.D., Heath A.C., Martin N.G., Stunkard A.J., y Eaves L.J.(2001) Relating body mass index to figural stimuli: population-based normative data for Caucasians. International Journal of Obesity, 25, 1517-1524

5.           Isidoro B., Lope V., Pedraz-Pingarrón C., Collado-Gcía F., Santamariña C., Moreo P., Vidal C., Laso M.S., García-López M., y Pollán M. (2011) Validation of obesity based on self-reported data in Spanish women participants in breast cancer screening programmes. BMC Public Health 11, 960. Consulta 20 junio, 2012, de la World Wide Web: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/11/960

6.           Truesdale K.P., y Stevens J. (2008) Do the obese know they are obese? North Carolina Medical Journal, 69,188-194.

7.            Stommel M., y Schoenborn C.A. (2009) Accuracy and usefulness of BMI measures based on self-reported weight and height: findings from the NHANES & NHIS 2001-

2006, BMC Public Health, 9, 421. Consulta 20 junio, 2012, de la World Wide Web: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/9/421

8.          Sánchez-Villegas A., Madrigal H., Martínez-González M.A., Kearney J., Gibney MJ, de Irala J., y Martínez A. (2001) Perception of body image as indicator of weight status in the European union. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 14, 93-102. 

9.           Lynch E., Liu K., Spring B., Hankinson A., Wei G.S., y Greenland P. (2007) Association of ethnicity and socioeconomic status with judgments of body size: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 165, 1055-1062

10.        Bays H.E., Bazata D.D., Fox K.M., Grandy S., y Gavin J.R. (2009) Perceived body image in men and women with type 2.diabetes mellitus: correlation of body mass index with the figure rating scale. Nutrition Journal, 8, 57-57. Consulta 20 juni, 2012, de la World Wide Web: http://www.nutritionj.com/content/8/1/57

11.          Pull C.B., y Aguayo G.A. (2011). Assessment of body-image perception and attitudes in      obesity, Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 24, 41-48

12.        Schwartz M.B., y Brownell K.D. (2004) Obesity and body image. Body Image, 1, 43-56